Oxindole-based inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2): design, synthesis, enzymatic activities, and X-ray crystallographic analysis

J Med Chem. 2001 Dec 6;44(25):4339-58. doi: 10.1021/jm010117d.

Abstract

Two closely related classes of oxindole-based compounds, 1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-phenylhydrazones and 3-(anilinomethylene)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-ones, were shown to potently inhibit cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). The initial lead compound was prepared as a homologue of the 3-benzylidene-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one class of kinase inhibitor. Crystallographic analysis of the lead compound bound to CDK2 provided the basis for analogue design. A semiautomated method of ligand docking was used to select compounds for synthesis, and a number of compounds with low nanomolar inhibitory activity versus CDK2 were identified. Enzyme binding determinants for several analogues were evaluated by X-ray crystallography. Compounds in this series inhibited CDK2 with a potency approximately 10-fold greater than that for CDK1. Members of this class of inhibitor cause an arrest of the cell cycle and have shown potential utility in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia.

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
  • CDC2-CDC28 Kinases*
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / chemical synthesis*
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • G1 Phase / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Hydrazones / chemical synthesis*
  • Hydrazones / chemistry
  • Hydrazones / pharmacology
  • Indoles / chemical synthesis*
  • Indoles / chemistry
  • Indoles / pharmacology
  • Isatin / analogs & derivatives
  • Isatin / chemical synthesis
  • Isatin / chemistry
  • Models, Molecular
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • S Phase / drug effects
  • Stereoisomerism
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Sulfonamides / chemistry
  • Tumor Cells, Cultured

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Hydrazones
  • Indoles
  • Sulfonamides
  • Isatin
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • CDC2-CDC28 Kinases
  • CDK2 protein, human
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinases